Wednesday of Week 28 of Ordinary Time – Gospel
Commentary on Luke 11:42-46
Jesus today continues to attack the attitudes of Pharisees. These remarks are not to be thought of as applying to all Pharisees, many of whom were good people. Paul himself was once a Pharisee as was Nicodemus, who came to Jesus by night, and Gamaliel, who, in the Acts of the Apostles (5:34), urged caution in persecuting the disciples of Jesus. Jesus is to be seen rather attacking a certain mentality which can all too easily be among us Christians and, if we are honest, sometimes in ourselves.
Here Jesus attacks the Pharisees for their scrupulous observance of even the tiniest of regulations, not because that is wrong, but because they by-pass the love of God, which is what really matters. He attacks them for their status-seeking. The Pharisees expect people to look up to them and give them special honours because of their supposed higher level of religious observance. They expect to be given front seats in the synagogue and for people to greet them obsequiously in the streets.
Usually graves were whitewashed so that people would not walk over them by mistake. The Pharisees are like unmarked graves which people unwittingly come in contact with and thus become tainted with ritual uncleanness. In other words, people coming in contact with them are not aware that under the veneer of piety inside, they are really containers of rottenness and corruption. Elsewhere, Jesus also describes the Pharisees as whitewashed graves where the outer cleanliness conceals inner corruption.
In the past (and perhaps in some places it is still the case), the clergy have often expected similar honours to be paid to them. Very often, people willingly did so because they genuinely respected their bishop or their priest. Sometimes, however, the honours were demanded or expected, rather than graciously and humbly received. But as the saying goes, “the clerical habit does not make the monk, nor the Roman collar the priest, nor the mitre the bishop”.
At this point, “one of the experts in the law” (a scribe) objected because, in speaking like that about the Pharisees, Jesus was attacking them too, as some of the scribes were also Pharisees. But they are equally deserving of criticism because their narrow-minded interpretations about insignificant details of the law make it difficult for ordinary people to keep the law, while they themselves do nothing to help. Moreover, they add rules and regulations to the Mosaic Law, do nothing to support people in keeping them and find ways for themselves to get around them.
The Church itself over the centuries has not been above criticism in this area either. And perhaps it is still true today. Bishops and priests have often laid heavy burdens on the faithful and not given much help in carrying them. Sometimes church leaders have been more anxious to preserve traditional practices than lead people to a deeper love of Christ and each other.
But the clergy have no monopoly on this. Parents too can be guilty when they follow double standards, making one rule for themselves and another for their children. Similarly teachers with students or employers with employees may exhibit the approach: “Do as I say; don’t do as I do.” Pharisaism is indeed alive and well in our society, but the first person I need to fix is me.
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Wednesday of week 28 of Ordinary Time – First Reading
Commentary on Romans 2:1-11
Paul now turns his attention to his fellow-Jews, although he does not mention them by name. In this section, Paul sets forth principles that govern God’s judgment. God judges:
- according to truth,
- according to deeds,
- according to the light a person has.
Paul writes:
…whoever you are, when you judge others…in passing judgment on another you condemn yourself, because you, the judge, are doing the very same things.
Paul himself is aware, as he condemns others, that he is condemning himself if he behaves in the way they do:
We know that God’s judgment on those who do such things is in accordance with truth.
Nothing can take the place of personal virtue—not the Law, not circumcision, not even the Scriptures. The Jew and the Gentile will be judged individually by God, since all are equally liable to sin.
Paul’s teaching about judging is the same as that of Jesus, who did not condemn judging as such, but hypocritical judging or doing so behind people’s backs in a condemnatory way. Paul’s warning had special relevance for Jews, who were inclined to look down on Gentiles because of their ignorance of God’s revelation in the Old Testament and because of their immoral lives.
In fact, as we Christians need also to remember, greater knowledge brings greater responsibility and liability:
Do you imagine, whoever you are, that when you judge those who do such things and yet do them yourself, you will escape the judgment of God?
Jesus also had said:
Do not judge, and you will not be judged; do not condemn, and you will not be condemned. (Luke 6:37)
He spoke about seeing the speck of dust in a brother’s eye while ignoring the large piece of wood in one’s own. (Isn’t it like that most of the time with us too?) Instead, Paul asks:
…do you despise the riches of his kindness and forbearance and patience? Do you not realize that God’s kindness is meant to lead you to repentance?
Awareness would lead them to ask forgiveness for their own sins. The Jews sometimes had misconstrued God’s patience to be a lack of intent to pass judgement. Their refusal to repent of their own sins is only piling up punishment for themselves on the “Day of Retribution”, when God’s just verdict will be given. For “he will repay everyone as their deeds deserve.”
On this sentence the Jerusalem Bible expands:
“The prophecy of ‘a day of Yahweh’ which will be a day of anger and salvation, will be fulfilled eschatologically in the ‘day of the Lord’ when Christ returns in glory. On this ‘day of judgment’ the dead man will rise again and the whole human race will be judged in God’s court and in Christ’s. This trial is inescapable and impartial; it is conducted by God. Through Christ God will judge ‘the living and the dead’. He examines the heart and his trial is by fire; he will treat everyone according to his works. What has sown will be reaped. Angrily he will destroy evil powers and evil people. But for the chosen, i.e. those who have been good, there will be freedom, rest, reward, salvation, honour, praise, and glory.” (Text references omitted.)
Therefore:
He will repay according to each one’s deeds: to those who by patiently doing good seek for glory and honor and immortality, he will give eternal life, while for those who are self-seeking and who obey not the truth but injustice, there will be wrath and fury.
This “doing good”, of course, presumes that all we do is done with the power of God in us. There is nothing we can do by ourselves to ‘earn’ salvation. Our good actions are the result of our saying ‘Yes’ to God in faith. On the other hand:
There will be affliction and distress for everyone who does evil, both the Jew first and the Greek…
With spiritual privilege and insight comes greater spiritual responsibility. Similarly:
…glory and honor and peace for everyone who does good, both the Jew first and the Greek.
In short:
…God shows no partiality.
These words are both a consolation and a warning to us also. A warning because, as Christians, we cannot expect to get special treatment when we misbehave. On the contrary, given all the help we have received and continue to receive, even more is expected of us. (We should remember what happened to the man who hid his ‘talent’ in the ground.)
This is a consolation because we know that God treats every single person with absolute impartiality and justice. He reaches out exactly the same love to every single person. We also know that he is a God rich in compassion and slow to anger. As a first step, it is important then for us to have some of that quality in ourselves and be less hasty in passing judgment on others, especially ‘outsiders’.
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