Commentary on Ephesians 3:14-21

Today we have a lovely prayer of Paul for the Church or churches to whom he is writing. The passage has been summarised in the New American Bible thusly (edited):

• The Apostle prays that those he is addressing may, like the rest of the Church, deepen their understanding of God’s plan of salvation in Christ.
• It is a plan that affects the whole universe (v 15)…
• …with the breadth and length and height and depth of God’s love in Christ (v 18), or possibly the universe in all its dimensions.
• The Apostle prays that they may perceive the redemptive love of Christ for them and be completely immersed in the fullness of God (v 19).
• The prayer concludes with a doxology to God (vv 20-21).

It is a prayer Paul makes kneeling (“…I bow my knees”) in the presence of the Father. We are accustomed to kneeling during prayer, but in Paul’s time it was normal to stand, so Paul’s posture here expresses a very special submission and reverence.

Paul says that God is:

…the Father, from whom every family in heaven and on earth takes its name.

There is a play here on the Greek words for ‘father’ (pater) and ‘family’ (patria). Patria is used for any social group descended from a common ancestor. Hence, God is the common ancestor of every single person and every community. This we affirm every time we pray “Our Father” in the Lord’s Prayer. We do not address God as strangers or as outsiders would, but rather as One who is very close to us in a real family sense.

Let us lay out more diagrammatically the petitions that Paul makes on behalf of the churches:

I pray that, according to the riches of his glory, [the Father] may grant that you may be strengthened in your inner being with power through his Spirit and that Christ may dwell in your hearts through faith, as you are being rooted and grounded in love. I pray that you may have the power to comprehend, with all the saints, what is the breadth and length and height and depth and to know the love of Christ that surpasses knowledge, so that you may be filled with all the fullness of God.

Let us note some of the things that Paul mentions here. There is a prayer that our “inner being”, i.e. our ‘inner self’ grow strong through the power of the Spirit within us. He prays that, through our opening up to God in faith, Christ may be truly present and active deep within our being. As Paul said of himself on another occasion:

…it is no longer I who live, but it is Christ who lives in me. (Gal 2:20)

We, too, want to be able to say this about ourselves individually and collectively. With the mutual relationship that faith opens up, we are to be “rooted and grounded in love”. This is the agape-love which must be the main driving force of all that we say and do.

In language reminiscent of the Stoics, Paul prays that we may have what may be termed almost a cosmic grasp of the role of the Christ:

…that you may have the power to comprehend, with all the saints, what is the breadth and length and height and depth…

Paul uses it to suggest the cosmic function of Christ in the rebirth of the world. It could be referring to the size of the mystery of salvation, or preferably to Christ’s universal love on which (in the next verse) the mystery depends. Christ becomes the Omega Point, to which all creation and creativity is ordered.

In a paradoxical phrase, Paul prays that the Christians will come:

…to know the love of Christ that surpasses knowledge…

Paul desires that the Ephesians (and we) come to know the love of Christ for us and for the whole world. It is the infinite love of God, expressed by Jesus dying on the cross as the uttermost proof of love:

No one has greater love than this, to lay down one’s life for one’s friends. (John 15:13)

On this side of death, we will never get beyond grasping this love in a clouded mirror. We live in the “Cloud of Unknowing” and yet, from time to time, we can be given glimpses of understanding. It is something that the mystics have experienced, but in a way that they cannot put into words.

With this understanding—imperfect though it be—Paul prays that Christians:

…may be filled with all the fullness of God.

Christ, who himself is filled with the divine life, fills Christians with it. The Church itself, as part of the Body of Christ, in a sense completes the fullness of the whole Christ. Christians enter both the Church and the new cosmos, which they help to build, and which is the fullness of the total Christ.

Faith, knowledge and understanding, love and fullness—these are the gifts which Paul prays for in the communities. Surely we, too, need to make this prayer our own also.

Finally, Paul concludes with a prayer of praise to God through Christ Jesus. He praises the God whose power at work in us can achieve more than we could ever ask for or even dream of. In one sense, Paul can point to the rapid growth of the churches, in spite of so many difficulties, as a convincing sign of this. And when we see the vastness of the Church, today we see the truth of these words. They are the basis of our hope for continuing growth in our own church.

Lastly, he prays for God to be glorified through Christ in every generation in the Church. The greater glory of God is, at bottom, the essence of all living, and everything we do is to be directed to this—faith and love leading to praise.